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Persistence of the COVID-19 virus in drinking-water,
feces and sewage and on surfaces.
While persistence in drinking-water is possible, there is no current evidence from surrogate human
coronaviruses that they are present in surface or groundwater sources or transmitted through
contaminated drinking-water. The COVID-19 virus is an enveloped virus, with a fragile outer
membrane. Generally, enveloped viruses are less stable in the environment and are more
susceptible to oxidants, such as chlorine. While there is no evidence to date about the survival of the
COVID-19 virus in water or sewage, the virus is likely to become inactivated significantly faster than
non-enveloped human enteric viruses with the known waterborne transmission (such as adenoviruses,
norovirus, rotavirus, and hepatitis A). For example, one study found that a surrogate human
coronavirus survived only 2 days in dechlorinated tap water and in hospital wastewater at 20° C (8).
Other studies concur, noting that the human coronaviruses transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus
and mouse hepatitis virus demonstrated a 99.9% die-off in from 2 days (9) at 23° C to 2 weeks (10)
at 25° C. Heat, high or low pH, sunlight and common disinfectants (such as chlorine) all facilitate it inactive.
